One hydrophobic coating enables macro- and micro-scale blood contact activation.

Abstract

Efforts to develop hemostatic materials/devices have focused solely on enhanced liquid adsorption for concentrating blood components and/or new material forms for covering/sealing injured blood vessels. Considering the increasing coagulopathy conditions and versatile material forms, it is assumed to be valuable but inaccessible for creating universal hemostatic surfaces regardless of liquid-absorption property and coagulation component deficiency. Herein, we illustrate a facile polyphenol/alkyl (ATA) coating for macro-to-micro scale hemostatic materials that can integrate the virtues of contact-activation hemostatic property, low liquid-absorption property and applicability for healthy/coagulopathy conditions. Medical gauze with adequate ATA content, of highly hydrophobic surface that can reduce unnecessary blood absorption and bacterial adhesion at wounds, possesses the significantly higher hemostatic property than the pristine gauze. Macro-scale dressings/sheets and micro-scale particles are further modified with ATA for enhancing hemostatic properties, which verifies the valuable substrate compatibility and reveals the contact-activation hemostatic mechanism as the regulated blood (component)-material interactions. Not limited to the hemorrhage control in healthy rats/rabbits, these ATA-modified materials achieve potent hemostatic performance for intravascular hemostasis and coagulopathy condition. Our work thereby pioneers not only one potent hydrophobic coating for promising hemostatic materials, but also the appealing polyphenol/alkyl system for regulating protein/cell-material interactions.