On the use of sham transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in spinal cord injury clinical trials.

Kramer, John L K; Lam, Tania; Rossi, Fabio M V; Illes, Judy · Brain · 2025

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Abstract

Kramer <i>et al.</i> examine the reasons put forth by investigators for excluding a sham condition in trials of neuromodulation therapies for individuals with spinal cord injury. They conclude that current dogma does not justify this design, and emphasize the need for future trials to include appropriate controls.