ATP-sensitive potassium channels alter glycolytic flux to modulate cortical activity and sleep.

Constantino, Nicholas J; Carroll, Caitlin M; Williams, Holden C; Vekaria, Hemendra J; Yuede, Carla M; Saito, Kai; Sheehan, Patrick W; Snipes, J Andy et al. · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Metabolism plays a key role in the maintenance of sleep/wake states. Brain lactate fluctuations are a biomarker of sleep/wake transitions, where increased interstitial fluid (ISF) lactate levels are associated with wakefulness and decreased ISF lactate is required for sleep. ATP-sensitive potassium (K<sub>ATP</sub>) channels couple glucose-lactate metabolism with excitability. Using mice lacking K<sub>ATP</sub> channel activity (e.g., Kir6.2<sup>-/-</sup> mice), we explored how changes in glucose utilization affect cortical electroencephalography (EEG) activity and sleep/wake homeostasis. In the brain, Kir6.2<sup>-/-</sup> mice shunt glucose toward glycolysis, reducing neurotransmitter biosynthesis and dampening cortical EEG activity. Kir6.2<sup>-/-</sup> mice spent more time awake at the onset of the light period due to altered ISF lactate dynamics. Together, we show that Kir6.2-K<sub>ATP</sub> channels act as metabolic sensors to gate arousal by maintaining the metabolic stability of sleep/wake states and providing the metabolic flexibility to transition between states.

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