Implantable photoelectrochemical-therapeutic methotrexate monitoring system with dual-atomic docking strategy.

Abstract

The need for precise modulation of blood concentrations of pharmaceutical molecule, especially for high-risk drugs like Methotrexate (MTX), is underscored by the significant impact of individual variations on treatment efficacy. Achieving selective recognition of pharmaceutical molecules within the complex biological environment is a substantial challenge. To tackle this, we propose a synergistic atomic-molecular docking strategy that utilizes a hybrid-dual single-atom Fe1-Zn1 on a TiO2 photoelectrode to selectively bind to the carboxyl and aminopyrimidine groups of MTX respectively. By integrating this Fe₁-Zn₁-TiO₂ photoelectrode with a microcomputer system, an implantable photoelectrochemical-therapeutic drug monitoring (PEC-TDM) system is developed for real-time, continuous in vivo MTX monitoring. This system facilitates personalized therapeutic decision-making and intelligent drug delivery for individualized cancer therapy, potentially revolutionizing oncological care and enhancing patient outcomes.