Rift-inversion orogens are potential hot spots for natural H<sub>2</sub> generation.

Zwaan, Frank; Brune, Sascha; Glerum, Anne C; Vasey, Dylan A; Naliboff, John B; Manatschal, Gianreto; Gaucher, Eric C · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Naturally occurring hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>) represents a potential source of clean energy. A promising mechanism for large-scale natural H<sub>2</sub> generation is serpentinization of exhumed mantle material. We study this serpentinization-related H<sub>2</sub> generation during rifting and subsequent rift-inversion orogen development using numerical geodynamic models. Serpentinization-related H<sub>2</sub> generation is best known from rifted margins and spreading ridges. However, because orogens are colder than rift environments, conditions for serpentinization and natural H<sub>2</sub> generation are considerably better in orogenic settings: We find that yearly H<sub>2</sub> generation capacity from serpentinization in the overriding mantle wedge during rift inversion may be up to 20 times larger than during rifting. Moreover, suitable reservoirs and seals required for economic H<sub>2</sub> accumulations to form are readily available in rift-inversion orogens but are likely absent during bulk serpentinization in rift settings. Together with indications of ongoing natural H<sub>2</sub> generation in the Balkans and Pyrenees, our model results provide a first-order motivation for natural H<sub>2</sub> exploration in rift-inversion orogens.