Crossing the Boundaries of Conflict: Analyzing Epidemiology & Outcomes of Afghan Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients at a Pakistani Cancer Hospital.

Abstract

This study investigates oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Afghan patients treated at a Pakistani cancer center, focusing on epidemiology, tumor characteristics, outcomes, and healthcare challenges faced by patients from conflict-affected regions. A retrospective analysis of Afghan OSCC patients (2010-2023) was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated, with survival outcomes analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Of the 117 patients, 47.1% had risk factors, predominantly smokeless tobacco use (61.8%). Tumors were common in oral subsites, especially the tongue (47.86%), with advanced-stage disease (Stage IV) in 34.2%. Mean overall survival was 56.29 months, and mean disease-free survival was 45.54 months. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 57.7% and 56.5%, respectively. The study highlights a high prevalence of advanced OSCC, underscoring the need for early detection, public health initiatives, and enhanced cancer care in Afghanistan. International collaboration is essential to improve healthcare access and reduce regional healthcare burdens.