Emerging brain organoids: 3D models to decipher, identify and revolutionize brain.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40026825.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.01.025 and PMC identifier 11869974.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Brain organoids are an emerging <i>in vitro</i> 3D brain model that is integrated from pluripotent stem cells. This model mimics the human brain's developmental process and disease-related phenotypes to a certain extent while advancing the development of human brain-based biological intelligence. However, many limitations of brain organoid culture (e.g., lacking a functional vascular system, etc.) prevent <i>in vitro</i>-cultured organoids from truly replicating the human brain in terms of cell type and structure. To improve brain organoids' scalability, efficiency, and stability, this paper discusses important contributions of material biology and microprocessing technology in solving the related limitations of brain organoids and applying the latest imaging technology to make real-time imaging of brain organoids possible. In addition, the related applications of brain organoids, especially the development of organoid intelligence combined with artificial intelligence, are analyzed, which will help accelerate the rational design and guidance of brain organoids.