ENACT: End-to-End Analysis of Visium High Definition (HD) Data.

Abstract

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables the study of gene expression within its spatial context in histopathology samples. To date, a limiting factor has been the resolution of sequencing based ST products. The introduction of the Visium High Definition (HD) technology opens the door to cell resolution ST studies. However, challenges remain in the ability to accurately map transcripts to cells and in assigning cell types based on the transcript data. We developed ENACT, a self-contained pipeline that integrates advanced cell segmentation with Visium HD transcriptomics data to infer cell types across whole tissue sections. Our pipeline incorporates novel bin-to-cell assignment methods, enhancing the accuracy of single-cell transcript estimates. Validated on diverse synthetic and real datasets, our approach is both scalable to samples with hundreds of thousands of cells and effective, offering a robust solution for spatially resolved transcriptomics analysis. ENACT source code is available at https://github.com/Sanofi-Public/enact-pipeline. Experimental data are available at https://zenodo.org/records/14748859.