Deep-Penetrating and High-Resolution Continuous-Wave Nonlinear Microscopy Based on Homologous Dual-Emission Upconversion Adaptive Optics.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40111436.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c01030 and PMC identifier 11969653.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are emerging as innovative nonlinear probes in biomedical studies, offering the unique capability to simultaneously emit both visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) photons under continuous-wave (CW) NIR excitation. However, deep-tissue high-resolution imaging remains challenging due to the trade-off between VIS emission (higher resolution, limited penetration) and NIR emission (deeper penetration, lower resolution). Here we present a CW nonlinear microscopy based on homologous dual-emission upconversion adaptive optics, leveraging Tm<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doped UCNPs' dual 455 nm/800 nm emission: the 800 nm emission for aberration measurement (guide-star) in deep tissues and the 455 nm emission for high-resolution imaging at matching depths. Using a home-built nonlinear laser scanning microscope with a 975 nm CW laser, we achieved near-diffraction-limited imaging (480 nm laterally) at a 500 μm depth in the mouse brain environment with significant optical aberrations. This strategy expands UCNPs' applications and innovates the exploration of deep-tissue optical features.