Nanofiber Aerogel with Rigidity-Flexibility Synergy.

Abstract

In aerogel-based thermal insulation materials, the challenge of balancing mechanical properties (rigidity and flexibility) while enhancing thermal performance under extreme temperature and humidity conditions persists. This study introduces an innovative biomimetic aerogel design combining features of shell-like layered architecture and loofah porous microstructures. We developed polyimide/polyvinylidene fluoride (PI/PVDF) nanofiber aerogels with excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties. The material can withstand compressive loads up to 1500 times its weight with axial rigidity, while maintaining radial flexibility under 80% strain, thereby achieving a harmonious balance between structural rigidity and flexibility. The inclusion of hydrophobic PVDF nanofibers ensures the material maintains low thermal conductivity and structural integrity, even under extreme humidity and temperature changes. This multifeature fusion biomimetic aerogel shows great potential for aerospace applications, such as spacecraft thermal protection systems, effectively shielding components from thermal and mechanical stress during re-entry and space missions.