Ultrafast, Targeting Fluorion-Capture Electrochemical Nanosystem Assembled with Polymeraldine Salt-Modulated Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40117187.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c06319.
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Abstract
Fluoride-containing groundwater has become a major concern since it serves as a source of drinking water for over half the world's population. Here, we develop an ion-selective polymeraldine salt (PANI-Cl<sub><i>x</i></sub>; PANI = polyaniline) modulated Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene electrode as a mediator for electrochemical capture of fluoride ion (F<sup>-</sup>) from groundwater. The single-stage configuration equipped with PANI-Cl<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> electrode as anode and activated carbon as cathode exhibits an ultrafast removal rate of 4.7 mg-F<sup>-</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> toward F<sup>-</sup> and high selectivity coefficients. Density-functional theory calculations and characterizations reveal that PANI-Cl<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> can lower the charge-transfer resistance and activation energy, promoting the synergy of high selectivity of nitrogen-related motifs in PANI-Cl<sub><i>x</i></sub> and a fast rate of ion intercalation in Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>. A stack-based multi-stage configuration operated at a staircase descent voltage mode is applied to produce freshwater from practical groundwater with low energy consumption (0.92 kWh kg<sup>-1</sup>-F<sup>-</sup>). Our findings pave the way for the electrochemical production of potable water from fluorine-containing groundwater.