Interrelationships Among Working Hours, Temperature, and Economic Output in Chinese Industrial Firms: A Sustainability Perspective.

Abstract

This study examines interrelationships among working hours, temperature, and economic output in Chinese industrial firms from a sustainability perspective. It assesses how extreme temperatures and extended working hours influence productivity, absenteeism, and overall performance. This study uses a panel dataset of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2005 to 2020, incorporating data on output, profit, temperature, and working hours. Panel regression models, including ordinary least squares with fixed and random effects, examine effects on economic output and productivity. High summer temperatures significantly reduce profit margins, whereas warmer winter temperatures have a modest positive effect. Extended working hours do not necessarily enhance productivity and may increase absenteeism and turnover. Temperature extremes and long hours affect output, emphasizing sustainability. Policy suggestions include climate adaptation, work-hour optimization, and regional coordination to improve productivity and resilience.