Preparing for the next pandemic: insights from Aotearoa New Zealand's Covid-19 response.

French, Nigel P; Maxwell, Howard; Baker, Michael G; Callaghan, Fiona; Dyet, Kristin; Geoghegan, Jemma L; Hayman, David T S; Huang, Q Sue et al. · Lancet Reg Health West Pac · 2025

review · Level V

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Abstract

In 2020 Aotearoa New Zealand, like many other countries, faced the coronavirus pandemic armed with an influenza-based pandemic plan. The country adapted rapidly to mount a highly strategic and effective elimination response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, implementation was hampered by gaps in pandemic preparedness. These gaps undermined effectiveness of the response and exacerbated inequitable impacts of both Covid-19 disease and control measures. Our review examines the Covid-19 response, reflecting on strengths, limitations and implications for pandemic planning. We identify three key areas for improvement: 1) development of a systematised procedure for risk assessment of a new pandemic pathogen; 2) investment in essential capabilities during inter-pandemic periods; and 3) building equity into all stages of the response. We present a typology of potential pathogens and scenarios and describe the evidence assessment process and core capabilities required for countries to respond fluidly, equitably, and effectively to a rapidly emerging pandemic threat.