Measles - Resurgence of an Old Foe.

Abstract

Measles was a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality before introduction of an extremely effective vaccine. Incidence dropped dramatically, but has increased recently given incomplete vaccination coverage and high levels of contagion. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for measles when evaluating febrile viral exanthems in susceptible hosts. Diagnosis can be made with serum immunoglobulin M or polymerase chain reaction. Treatment with vitamin A is recommended in children with severe measles. Vaccination with 2 doses of vaccine is the mainstay of prevention and 95% coverage is required for herd immunity.