NASICON-NaV<sub>0.25</sub>Al<sub>0.25</sub>Nb<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/C: A High-Rate and Robust Anode for Fast Charging and Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40195626.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202419417.
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Abstract
Nb-based NAtrium Super Ionic CONductor (NASICON) frameworks (e.g., Nb<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>1.5</sub>V<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) are emerging as the attractive Na-ion anodes due to their lower intercalation voltage (≈1.4-1.2 V vs Na<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>0</sup>) and higher storage capacities (≈140-160 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>). However, their practical realization is limited by moderate cycle life and rate performances. In this work, a carbon-coated NASICON-NaV<sub>0.25</sub>Al<sub>0.25</sub>Nb<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NaVAlNb/C) anode is unveiled for fast charging Na-ion batteries. The incorporation of Al<sup>3+</sup> increases covalency of NASICON and creates disordered Na-ion sublattice as observed by X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. Besides, the carbon-coating and particle downsizing produces facile electron and ion percolation network. Accordingly, the NaVAlNb/C anode renders extraordinary rate performances (80 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 20C) with longer cycling stability (95.2% retention after 5000 cycles at 10C). Climbing image nudged elastic band calculations reveal reduced Na-ion migration barrier (202 meV) for NaVAlNb/C. Most importantly, a full Na-ion cell based on Na<sub>4</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> cathode and NaVAlNb/C anode is demonstrated with a high-power density (6493 W kg<sup>-1</sup>) and long-cycle life (3000 cycles at 20C), which are far excellent compared to the state-of-the-art NASICON-based cells. This work demonstrates the significance of carbon coating and chemical tuning to tailor high-rate NASICON anodes, which can produce fast-charging Na-ion batteries.