Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Dosing in Adult Patients with Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data.

Abstract

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is an important measure to prevent postoperative surgical site infections. Current guideline recommendations do not treat obesity specifically, although it can affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The objective of this review was to synthesize current evidence on the need for obesity-related dosing adjustments in surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were searched for studies investigating antibiotic prophylaxis dosing in surgical patients with obesity. Outcomes of interest were pharmacokinetic parameters such as plasma and interstitial fluid concentrations, area under the concentration time curve in plasma and in interstitial fluid, and other pharmacokinetic measures. Thirty studies investigating cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ertapenem, metronidazole, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were included in this analysis. Except for metronidazole, cefoxitin, and gentamicin, there is currently no evidence suggesting the need for dosing adjustments.