A novel microfluidic self-perfusion chip (MSPC) for pumpless 3D cell, microtissue and organoid culture.

Abstract

Microfluidic systems have revolutionized biological research by enabling precise control over cellular environments at microscale volumes. However, traditional pump-driven systems face challenges such as complexity, cost, cell-damaging shear stress, and limited portability. This study introduces a novel adjustable microfluidic self-perfusion chip (MSPC) that uses evaporation as a driving force, eliminating the need for external pumps. Our design offers improved metabolic waste management and simplified control over fluid dynamics. The chip features adjustable evaporation pore sizes, demonstrating a robust linear relationship (<i>R</i>² = 0.95) between the pore size and fluid evaporation rate. This ensures consistent fluid flow and effective waste removal, shown by lower ammonia and lactate levels compared to conventional cultures. Its unidirectional flow system and integrated one-way valve maintain cell viability, even under complete evaporation conditions. This innovative platform facilitates the cultivation of complex tissue-like structures, providing a valuable tool for tissue and organ model development, as well as drug screening and toxicity testing. By addressing key limitations of traditional systems, our adjustable MSPC represents a significant advancement in microfluidic cell culture technology, offering improved accessibility and applicability in biological research.