Curved Nanomagnets: An Archetype for the Skyrmionic States at Ambient Conditions.

Dugato, Danian A; Jalil, Wesley B F; Cardias, Ramon; Albuquerque, Marcelo; Costa, Marcio; Almeida, Trevor P; Fallon, Kayla; Kovács, András et al. · Nano Lett · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Stabilizing magnetic skyrmions is a critical issue in spintronics, impacting data storage and computing. This study investigates skyrmion and skyrmionium phenomena within a hexagonal array of curved nanomagnets. Utilizing atomistic calculations, micromagnetic simulations, and experimental methods such as magnetic force microscopy and electron holography, we analyze the interplay between magnetic parameters, curvature, and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) in the formation of these structures. We observed that isolated skyrmions and mixed skyrmionic phases can spontaneously form in a symmetric Pt/Co/Pt multilayer curved nanomagnet matrix without external fields at room temperature. Our findings highlight the considerable influence of geometric curvature on iDMI, providing insights for engineering skyrmionic configurations. This research enhances our understanding of nanomagnetism and contributes to the advancement of skyrmion-based technologies.