Achieving >23% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Minimodules with Surface Conductive Coordination Polymer.

Xiao, Guo-Bin; Suo, Zhen-Yang; Mu, Xijiao; Wu, Houen; Dong, Runmin; Song, Fei; Gao, Xingyu; Ding, Liming et al. · Adv Mater · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Despite the reported high efficiencies of small-area perovskite photovoltaic cells, the deficiency in large-area modules has impeded the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Enhancing the surface/interface conductivity and carrier-transport in polycrystalline perovskite films presents significant potential for boosting the efficiency of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) by mitigating voltage losses. This is particularly critical for multi-series connected sub-cell modules, where device resistance significantly impacts performance compared to small-area cells. Here, an effective approach is reported for decreasing photovoltage loss through surface/interface modulation of perovskite film with a surface conductive coordination polymer. With post-treatment of meso-tetra pyridine porphyrin on perovskite film, PbI<sub>2</sub> on perovskite film reacts with pyridine units in porphyrins to generate an iso-structural 2D coordination polymer with a layered surface conductivity as high as 1.14 × 10<sup>2</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup>, due to the effect of surface structure reconstruction. Modified perovskite film exhibits greatly increased surface/interface conductivity. The champion PSM obtains a record efficiency up to 23.39% (certified 22.63% with an aperture area of 11.42 cm<sup>2</sup>) featuring only 0.33-volt voltage loss. Such a modification also leads to substantially improved operational device stability.