High-Oriented SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals for Air-Processed Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 23.87.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40237112.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.202418791.
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Abstract
Tin (IV) oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) electron transport layer (ETL) emerges as the most promising n-type semiconductor material for flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs). The (110) facet-dominated SnO<sub>2</sub> colloids are readily created, whereas other best-performing (101) and (200) facets-dominated ones with superior potential in interface modulation and lattice matching remain insufficiently explored. Here water-soluble acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamine (DAC-AA) doping into SnO<sub>2</sub> colloids produces more (101)- and (200)-oriented crystal domains through lowering surface absorption energy and offering additional thermodynamic driving force. Theoretical and experimental analyses corroborate that the grain preference orientation induced by DAC-AA modification strengthens heating transfer rate on the flexible substrate and favors lattice matching of perovskite (100) plane on SnO<sub>2</sub> (101) and (200) facets. Accordingly, the champion f-PSCs on high-oriented SnO<sub>2</sub>-DAC-AA ETLs fabricated fully in ambient air conditions achieve the efficiencies of 23.87% and 22.41% with aperture areas of 0.092 and 1 cm<sup>2</sup>. In parallel, the propitious interfacial lattice arrangement attenuates the formation of micro-strain inside perovskite films, maintaining 92.5% of their initial performance after 10 000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 6 mm.