Harnessing database-supported high-throughput screening for the design of stable interlayers in halide-based all-solid-state batteries.

Abstract

All-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) promise superior safety and energy density compared to conventional Li-ion batteries. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by detrimental interfacial reactions between solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and the Li negative electrode, compromising long-term cycling stability. The challenges in directly observing these interfaces impede a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms, necessitating first-principle simulations for designing novel interlayer materials. To overcome these limitations, we develop a database-supported high-throughput screening (DSHTS) framework for identifying stable interlayer materials compatible with both Li and SSEs. Using Li₃InCl₆ as a model SSE, we identify Li₃OCl as a potential interlayer material. Experimental validation demonstrates significantly improved electrochemical performance in both symmetric- and full-cell configurations. A Li|Li₃OCl|Li₃InCl₆|LiCoO₂ cell exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 154.4 mAh/g (1.09 mA/cm², 2.5-4.2 V vs. Li/Li⁺, 303 K) with 76.36% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Notably, a cell with a conventional In-Li₆PS₅Cl interlayer delivers only 132.4 mAh/g and fails after 760 cycles. An additional interlayer-containing battery with Li(Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1)O₂ as the positive electrode achieves an initial discharge capacity of 151.3 mAh/g (3.84 mA/cm², 2.5-4.2 V vs. Li/Li⁺, 303 K), maintaining stable operation over 1650 cycles. The results demonstrate the promise of the DSHTS framework for identifying interlayer materials.