To determine melatonin, cytokines, and sleep index in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals.

Abstract

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by inflammation and oxidative stress. People with T2DM show evidence of sleep disruption, and their melatonin rhythm, which regulates sleep, is aberrant. It is still uncertain, nevertheless, whether inflammation in this group contributes to the inhibition of melatonin synthesis and sleep problems. Hence, the study aimed to correlate and characterize the biological variables of melatonin levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, and sleep parameters in patients with T2DM. ELISA was used to analyze melatonin and cytokine levels in blood samples, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was utilized to determine sleep quality. In the global sleep quality measure (PSQI questionnaire), the control group did better than the T2DM group, indicating lower sleep quality and a greater incidence of sleep problems. Melatonin production lacked rhythmicity and was lower in patients with T2DM than in controls both during the day and at night. The T2DM group showed greater levels of chemerin, IL-1, and a negative connection between melatonin and chemerin levels than the control group. The results suggest that the low melatonin production seen in the T2DM group was most likely the underlying cause of the sleep pathology seen there. It is most probable that high levels of chemerin, which have been linked to other pathologies in the past, are to blame for the blocking of melatonin production in T2DM.