Hydrogen isotopic evidence for a core component in Baffin Island lavas.

Horton, Forrest; Alexander, Conel M O'D; Shahar, Anat; Wang, Jianhua; Boesenberg, Joseph S; Bullock, Emma; Shirey, Steven B · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The nature of chemical exchange between Earth's core and mantle is fundamental to understanding their evolution. Tungsten-182 and helium-3 anomalies in volcanic rocks from deeply sourced mantle plumes have been attributed to core-mantle exchange. Hydrogen (H) is potentially abundant in the core. Therefore, H may also be a sensitive tracer of core-mantle exchange. We measured <sup>2</sup>H/<sup>1</sup>H ratios (reported as δD) in olivine-hosted basaltic melt inclusions from a Baffin Island lava to test whether mantle plumes contain H from the core. The average δD value (-144 ± 24 per mil) is lower than some estimates for the average depleted upper mantle (δD ≈ -60 ± 20 per mil). The low δD composition likely derives from isotopic diffusion or H leakage from the core, not isotopic fractionation during magmatism or crustal contamination. Over geologic time, core-mantle exchange of H may have overprinted the isotopic composition of mantle plume source regions and much of the upper mantle.