Canalized light creates directional and switchable surface structures in vanadium dioxide.

Kazenwadel, Daniel; Neathery, Noel; Baum, Peter · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Materials with switchable nanostructured surfaces enable optical and electronic functionalities beyond those of natural materials. Here we report the creation of self-organized, re-writable, laser-induced surface structures in single-crystalline vanadium dioxide. We discover anisotropic features caused by canalized surface plasmon polaritons that can only propagate along one crystal axis. The nanostructures remain mostly single-crystalline and preserve the material's sharp metal-to-insulator transition, enabling femtosecond switching by temperature or light.