Severity and associated factors of anaemia among rifampicin/multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated in Alert and St. Peters specialised hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Abstract

To assess the severity of anaemia and associated factors among drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients treated in DR-TB treatment-initiating centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A retrospective cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in Alert and St. Peters specialised hospitals, Addis Ababa, from 20 September to 15 October 2022. Data was collected from 331 patients with DR-TB. The data was entered into Epi-Data 4.1, and SPSS version 25 was used for data cleaning and analysis. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted after the multi-collinearity assumptions, and goodness-of-fit tests were done. The OR with 95% CI was reported for each outcome variable, taking normal haemoglobin level as a reference category. Variables with a P value of ˂0.05 were considered statistically significant. Of the 331 patients, 51.4% had baseline anaemia, of which 5.7%, 15.7% and 29.9% had severe, moderate and mild anaemia, respectively.Patients who were urban residents (AOR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.012, 0.32), government employees (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.79), private job holders (AOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.27), undernourished (AOR: 15.72, 95% CI: 2.46, 100.28), patients with HIV (AOR: 7.28, 95% CI: 1.627, 32.628) and farmers and students (AOR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.58) were significantly associated with severe anaemia.Patients who were male (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93), single (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.85), daily labourer (AOR: 6.19, 95% CI: 1.27, 30.2), undernourished (AOR: 12.83, 95% CI: 4.88, 33.7) and patients with HIV (AOR: 12.74, 95% CI: 4.67, 34.75) were significantly associated with moderate anaemia. Patients with undernutrition (AOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.1, 7.35), HIV (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.22, 6.39) and primary and secondary education (AOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.77) were significantly associated with mild anaemia. In our study, more than 50% of patients with DR-TB had baseline anaemia, of which mild anaemia was the most common typeanaemia. Rural residents were at a higher risk of developing severe anaemia (11.5%), while the overall rate of anaemia (58.8%) was higher among urban residents.