EXERT-BCN: An Exercise Regimen Designed to Improve Body Composition, Functional Capacity, and Strength After Treatment for Breast Cancer With Nutrition Optimization.

Abstract

Effective methods to improve body composition and metabolic/hormonal dysregulation are central to breast cancer care. We hypothesized that a nutrition regimen focused on food quality and an observed exercise regimen using high-load resistance training during or after cancer treatment would improve body composition and functional capacity. Forty-four women with breast cancer, including survivors on therapy and in surveillance, excluding chemotherapy, underwent a continuously monitored dose-escalated exercise regimen utilizing heavy weights and linear progression in an exercise oncology facility along with a diet focused on food quality and adequate protein intake. Dietary strategy was discussed during each exercise session and twice monthly meetings. Pre- and post-workout assessment of body composition, functional mobility, balance, activity levels, and quality of life were compared via paired <i>T</i>-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Forty-four women completed the protocol, with a median age of 54 years and BMI of 30.3. Most participants reported cancer-related symptoms (79.5%). Across compound exercises, composite load lifted increased by 36.5% (<i>P</i> < .001) and bilateral Y-balance scores increased 18% (<i>P</i> < .001). A 6.6% reduction in body fat was observed (1.8 kg; <i>P</i> < .001) alongside a 1.4% increase in muscle mass (0.5 kg; <i>P</i> = .003). Resting metabolic rate increased by 0.8% (<i>P</i> = .018). Significant improvements were uniformly demonstrated across quality-of-life scores (European Quality of Life 5-Dimension Score, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Depression Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 questionnaires). A 3-month regimen of nutrition counseling and high-intensity resistance training promoted significant muscle mass gain and adipose tissue loss, alongside significant improvements across body composition, strength, mobility, and functional status, and patient-reported quality of life.