Genetically modified cell membrane proteins in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Abstract

Genetically modified cell membrane proteins can effectively regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, while also integrating novel biomaterials. As a promising biomedical tool, this technology has broad applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Both viral and non-viral gene transfection methods have been employed to create genetically modified cell membrane proteins. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant efficacy of genetically modified cell membrane proteins in promoting bone regeneration, treating cardiovascular diseases, aiding lung injury recovery, advancing immunotherapy, and in applications involving engineered cell membrane sheets and cell spheroids. However, this technology faces several limitations, including biosafety and ethical concerns associated with genetic modification. This article summarizes recent advances in genetically modified cell membrane proteins, detailing their preparation, applications, limitations, and future directions.