Decoding the formation of barred olivine chondrules: Realization of numerical replication.

Miura, Hitoshi; Morita, Tomoyo; Nakamura, Tomoki; Watanabe, Kana; Tsuchiyama, Akira; Kimura, Yuki; Koyama, Chihiro · Sci Adv · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Millimeter-sized silicate spherules embedded in primitive meteorites, namely, "chondrules," are the primary solid component of the early solar nebula. They exhibit distinctive solidification textures, formed through rapid cooling from a molten state. The formation conditions of these textures have primarily been inferred on the basis of dynamic crystallization experiments; however, the theoretical verification of the solidification process has been largely neglected. Here, we conducted numerical simulations of the solidification of chondrule melt and successfully reproduced a crystal growth pattern resembling a typical barred olivine chondrule texture. This pattern emerged under conditions of rapid cooling, exceeding 10<sup>4</sup> kelvins hour<sup>-1</sup>, which is substantially larger than those inferred experimentally. These results suggest that theories of chondrule formation in the nebula, which have been developed based on experimental results, should be reexamined.