The impact of resin coatings on the properties and performance of glass ionomer cements: A systematic review.

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of surface resin coatings on the mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for in vitro studies. Studies comparing resin-coated GICs with uncoated controls or other materials were included based on the PICOS framework. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool. A total of 31 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Resin coatings improved mechanical outcomes such as flexural strength and microhardness, although the degree of improvement varied across studies. It also reduced solubility and enhanced water resistance, whereas hydrophilic coatings increased water absorption due to their organic matrix. Fluoride release was generally reduced by resin coatings, although experimental ion-releasing formulations increased phosphorus and strontium release. Standard resin coatings showed no significant antibacterial activity, though some materials demonstrated reduced biofilm formation. Limitations include methodological heterogeneity and the exclusive use of in vitro models. In conclusion, resin coatings can enhance the performance of GICs, though future research should focus on long-term clinical validation and biocompatibility. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024609997) and received no specific funding.