Period of formation of and factors associated with perianchor cysts around Healicoil and Footprint polyetheretherketone anchors following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Abstract

To investigate the factors associated with the formation of perianchor cysts (PCs) around Healicoil and Footprint polyetheretherketone (PEEK) anchors following arthroscopic rotator cuff (RC) repair and assess its association with clinical shoulder function and the incidence of RC retearing. The data of patients who underwent arthroscopic RC repair with Healicoil and Footprint PEEK anchors were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of PCs was evaluated on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and compared across multiple follow-up points. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for PCs at 12 months postoperatively. Functional scores were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at a minimum of 24 months. The incidence of RC retearing was assessed 12 months postoperatively. One hundred eighty-four patients were included, among whom 66 patients presented PCs at the 12-month follow-up (cyst group) and 118 did not (noncyst group). The incidence of PCs at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively was 16.3%, 37.5%, and 35.9%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the incidence of PCs between 3 months and both 6 months (P < .001) and 12 months (P < .001). There were no significant differences between the incidence of PCs at 12 months and at 6 months postoperatively (P = .362). Risk factors for PCs included age ≥ 60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-3.52, P = .038), large and massive RC tears (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.14-4.03, P = .017), and anchors located in the medial row in the greater tuberosity (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 2.62-8.1, P < .001). Compared with the preoperative scores, significantly improved postoperative functional scores were observed for all patients (P < .001). There were no significant differences in the postoperative Constant scores (P = .165), University of California, Los Angeles scores (P = .899), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (P = .310) or in the incidence of RC retearing (P = .061) between the 2 groups. The incidence of PCs around Healicoil and Footprint PEEK anchors after RC repair tended to stabilize at 6 months postoperatively. The factors influencing the formation of PCs were related mainly to tear size, patient age, and anchor location. No association was observed between the formation of PCs and postoperative functional scores or the incidence of RC retearing.