A multi-channel wearable sensing patch based on gate-all-around field-effect transistors.

Abstract

Field-effect transistors (FETs), known for their rapid response and signal amplification capabilities, have attracted significant research interest for the detection of biomarkers. However, the development of multi-channel sensors using FETs and their wearable applications are impeded by the rigid substrates and large areas. Here, we reported a wearable EGFET sensor array patch that integrates gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA FETs) and flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) patches to overcome these challenges. The patch takes advantage of the excellent electrical properties and small size of GAA FETs, allowing for multi-biomarker detection. Additionally, it integrates large-scale, low-cost FPCB-based electrodes to enhance the flexibility of the patch. Comprehensive characterization experiments have demonstrated the performance of the patch to detect multiple biomarkers, including glucose, lactate, Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺. This innovative patch is promising to facilitate the development of FET-based multi-channel wearable sensors, and has the potential to help realize more comprehensive health monitoring.