Fixed-axis spacelike ruled surfaces and their evolute offsets.

Almoneef, Areej A; Abdel-Baky, Rashad A · PLoS One · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

This study investigates fixed-axis spacelike ruled surfaces and their evolute offset counterparts within [Formula: see text] (Minkowski 3-space). The analysis utilizes the Blaschke frame associated with the striction curves of these surfaces. Spacelike ruled surfaces play a crucial role in various fields of both classical and modern physics. The research begins by introducing the fundamental concepts of fixed-axis spacelike ruled surfaces and defining a height function that establishes the necessary criteria for a ruled surface to be classified as a fixed-axis spacelike ruled surface. Subsequently, the study derives parameterization for both the fixed-axis spacelike ruled surfaces and their evolute offsets. Finally, several surface models are extended and visually represented through graphical illustrations.

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