Enhanced Lithium-Ion Transport and Sulfur Conversion Kinetics in Li-S Batteries via High-Dielectric Composite Separators.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40492622.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c01137.
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Abstract
The development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is hindered by lithium dendrite growth and slow sulfur redox kinetics. Here, we report a composite separator (CAFS) composed of nanocellulose fibers (NCF) and high-dielectric aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> component produces a directional electric field under external bias, anchoring bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI<sup>-</sup>) anions and promoting lithium salt dissociation, which enhances lithium-ion (Li<sup>+</sup>) transport and stabilizes the anode. Additionally, the electric field actively interacts with lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), improving sulfur conversion kinetics and guiding uniform, three-dimensional Li<sub>2</sub>S deposition. The CAFS separator exhibits a high Li<sup>+</sup> transference number (0.776), enables ultrastable Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at 1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, and ensures superior cycling performance with a capacity decay rate of only 0.002% per cycle over 500 cycles at 1 C. This work offers a scalable, low-cost, and eco-friendly strategy to accelerate the commercial viability of next-generation Li-S batteries.