Primer on unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery: technical overview for beginners.

Abstract

Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery is a minimally invasive technique that offers the benefits of enhanced visualization and reduced tissue disruption compared to traditional open spine surgery. This review outlines the historical evolution, technical considerations, and adoption challenges of UBE, focusing on its use in lumbar spine procedures. Technique overview. The biportal approach, characterized by separate working and visualization portals, facilitates the minimally invasive benefits of endoscopy while maintaining the tactile feedback of open surgery. Key elements, including portal placement, fluid management, instrumentation, and operative room setup, are discussed. The learning curve for UBE is steep yet manageable, with most surgeons achieving proficiency within 25 to 50 cases through cadaver labs, mentorship, and selective case strategies. Early adoption challenges, such as establishing viewing windows and managing complications, are addressed. As its indications expand to thoracic and cervical pathologies, UBE promises to enhance patient outcomes by providing effective, minimally invasive surgical options for a broader range of spinal conditions.