Atomic-Scale Imaging of Transformation of Nickel Nanocrystals to Nickel Carbides in Real Time.

Yan, Pu; Zhang, Dong; Zhang, Wendi; Sun, Kaijun; Jin, Meng; Chamberlain, Thomas W; Khlobystov, Andrei N; Kaiser, Ute et al. · ACS Nano · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Transition of metal-to-metal carbide plays a key role in heterogeneous catalysis. We confined nickel nanocrystals in single-walled carbon nanotubes, stimulated delivery of carbon atoms by the 80 keV electron beam, and imaged the entire carbonization process by time-resolved aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy at the atomic scale. Metal nanocrystal Ni<sub>40</sub> progressively capturing carbon atoms evolved from pure metal to Ni<sub>40</sub>C<sub>20</sub> and then to Ni<sub>40</sub>C<sub>40</sub>. The carbonization is accompanied by changes in the structure of the crystal, including a two-dimensionalization process, at the Ni<sub>40</sub>C<sub>40</sub> stage. This work provides valuable insights into the atomic mechanism of metal carbide formation, which may help to develop stable catalysts and provide a reliable route for synthesizing metal-based two-dimensional materials.