Synergistic Defect-Driven Chemocatalysis and Ultrasound-Activated Piezocatalysis by Two-Dimensional SnSe Nanosheets.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) constitutes a severe malignant disorder affecting bone tissue and poses a significant global public health risk. Here, we introduce an injectable, synergistic chemopiezodynamic therapy utilizing tin selenide (SnSe) two-dimensional nanosheets, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to target OS effectively. We observed clear antitumor effects in OS following treatment with SnSe. These effects are primarily attributed to Sn/Se vacancy-driven free radical catalysis, known as chemodynamic therapy, and are further augmented by ultrasonic vibrations for ultrasound-triggered piezocatalysis (piezodynamic therapy). Additionally, SnSe induced apoptosis and autophagy in OS cells while demonstrating satisfactory histocompatibility in mouse models. Comprehensive assessments at both <i>in vitro</i> cellular level and <i>in vivo</i> xenograft models confirm that injectable SnSe nanosheets achieve cytotoxicity and tumor eradication via the synergistic effects of chemo-piezocatalysis. This research paves the way for the customized development of advanced nanocatalysts with integrated synergistic catalysis, offering promising avenues for enhanced therapeutic strategies in oncology.