Clinical and radiological profile of tuberculosis and treatment outcome in patients ≤18 years: A prospective study.

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in endemic countries. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in these patients is challenging due to various reasons. The outcome of treatment in these patients is also varied. Our study aims to determine the various types of presentations of tuberculosis; describe the clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics and also study the outcome of treatment in patients ≤ 18 years of age. It was a prospective study. We included all newly diagnosed consecutive cases of pulmonary or extra pulmonary TB in patients (up to 18 years of age). After a detailed history and complete physical examination, AFB smear and CBNAAT of samples and radiology were performed. Follow-up of all cases was done at the end of intensive phase (IP) and at the end of treatment or at any time as needed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 19.0. A total of 105 cases were included in our study. Most cases belonged to the age group of 7-14 yrs. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was diagnosed in 37 cases (35.2%), followed by TB lymphadenitis (31.4%). Microbiological confirmation could be obtained only in 53 cases (50.47%). Joint pain and a derangement in liver function test were the most common adverse effects (4 cases) and 1 case developed optic atrophy. A combination of history, signs and symptoms, and radiology may help reach a diagnosis in children. The risk of serious adverse events in children associated with the use of the recommended treatment regimens is also very low. Children and their family members should be educated about TB and the importance of completing treatment.