Systematic profiling reveals betaine as an exercise mimetic for geroprotection.

Geng, Lingling; Ping, Jiale; Wu, Ruochen; Yan, Haoteng; Zhang, Hui; Zhuang, Yuan; Ning, Taixin; Wang, Jun et al. · Cell · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Exercise has well-established health benefits, yet its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. We conducted an integrated multi-omics analysis to compare the effects of acute vs. long-term exercise in healthy males. Acute exercise induced transient responses, whereas repeated exercise triggered adaptive changes, notably reducing cellular senescence and inflammation and enhancing betaine metabolism. Exercise-driven betaine enrichment, partly mediated by renal biosynthesis, exerts geroprotective effects and rescues age-related health decline in mice. Betaine binds to and inhibits TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), retarding the kinetics of aging. These findings systematically elucidate the molecular benefits of exercise and position betaine as an exercise mimetic for healthy aging.

Medical subject headings