High Prevalence of Prediabetes Among Asian and Pacific Islander Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity in a Primary Care Population.

Abstract

To compare prediabetes prevalence among disaggregated U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander (Asian/PI) adolescents with non-Hispanic White (NHW) adolescents with overweight or obesity in a primary care population. This retrospective, cross-sectional study used Kaiser Permanente Northern California health record data. The cohort comprised 20,540 NHW and 16,508 Asian/PI adolescents aged 10-17 years with overweight (BMI 85th to <95th percentile) or obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) at a pediatric visit (2012-2019) and HbA1c measured within 1 year. Those with HbA1c ≥6.5%, a diabetes diagnosis, or diabetes pharmacotherapy were excluded. Prediabetes was classified as HbA1c 5.7-6.4%. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% CIs for prediabetes were examined for Filipino, Chinese, South Asian, Vietnamese, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) adolescents compared with NHW adolescents using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, neighborhood deprivation index, and visit year. Asian/PI adolescents with overweight or obesity had a higher prediabetes prevalence (26.9%) than NHW adolescents (11.9%) (P < 0.001), with variation among Asian subgroups of 31.0% for South Asian, 32.0% for NHPI, 28.2% for Filipino, 25.9% for Chinese, and 18.4% for Vietnamese adolescents. In multivariable analyses, the aPRs for prediabetes (vs. NHW adolescents) were 2.80 (95% CI, 2.57-3.05) for South Asian, 2.44 (2.23-2.67) for NHPI, 2.18 (2.06-2.32) for Filipino, 2.18 (1.99-2.39) for Chinese, and 1.68 (1.38-2.04) for Vietnamese adolescents. These findings were similar by sex, and patterns were similar within overweight or obesity subgroups. Asian/PI adolescents with overweight or obesity have considerably higher prediabetes prevalence than NHW adolescents, independent of BMI. Findings varied by ethnicity. Prediabetes screening is essential for the high-risk population of Asian/PI adolescents with overweight or obesity.