The disordered p53 transactivation domain is the target of FOXO4 and the senolytic compound FOXO4-DRI.

Bourgeois, Benjamin; Spreitzer, Emil; Platero-Rochart, Daniel; Paar, Margret; Zhou, Qishun; Usluer, Sinem; de Keizer, Peter L J; Burgering, Boudewijn M T et al. · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

A central process contributing to the phenotype of aging is cellular senescence. We recently identified the FOXO4 - p53 axis as pivotal in maintaining the viability of senescent cells, and that senescent cells can be targeted selectively with the senolytic peptide FOXO4-DRI. Here, we solve the solution NMR structural models of the p53 transactivation domain in complex with the FOXO4 forkhead domain and in complex with FOXO4-DRI. Strikingly, we find that the disordered FOXO4-DRI binds to the disordered p53<sup>TAD2</sup> and forms a transiently folded complex. In this complex, both, the FOXO4-derived region and the cationic cell permeability peptide contribute to the interaction. Furthermore, we show that p53 phosphorylation enhances the affinity for both FOXO4 and FOXO4-DRI. Summarizing we provide a detailed characterization of the interaction of p53 with FOXO4 and FOXO4-DRI which is the basis for development of p53 inhibitors to treat diseases linked to cellular senescence such as cancers.

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