MXene Templated assembly of hierarchical Al/CuO/V<sub>2</sub>C nanothermite with excellent energy release efficiency and highly tunable performance.

Tian, Momang; Meng, Ke-Juan; Xiong, Kunyu; Hussain, Iftikhar; Ma, Xinwen; Zhang, Kaili · Nat Commun · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Nanothermite has gained significant attention for its exceptional energy release rate and reactivity, making it a promising material for energetic applications. However, nanoparticle agglomeration significantly hinders its energy release efficiency. To overcome this challenge, we developed an innovative bottom-up strategy and a straightforward preparation method to construct a hierarchical Al/CuO/V<sub>2</sub>C nanocomposite. This is achieved through the ordered self-assembly of Al and CuO nanoparticles in an ethanol suspension, using V<sub>2</sub>C MXene as a template. Our findings show that the Al/CuO/V<sub>2</sub>C nanocomposite exhibits distinct morphologies based on V<sub>2</sub>C concentration: nanosheets at lower concentrations and microspheres at higher concentrations. CuO and Al nanoparticles form the first and second layers outside the V<sub>2</sub>C, respectively, due to the interplay between electrostatic forces and covalent Cu-O-V bonds. This unique structure, along with high reactivity of V<sub>2</sub>C, enables complete Al oxidation, achieving a heat release of 3156.2 J g<sup>-1</sup> with a 10 wt% V<sub>2</sub>C addition-seven times greater than the Al/CuO control group. The concentration-dependent structure allows for tunable energetic performance, from a rapid 3-ms deflagration to a prolonged 16-ms combustion. Reduced gas release enhances safety, paving the way for applications in microinitiators and advancing nanothermite technology.