H&E to IHC virtual staining methods in breast cancer: an overview and benchmarking.
review · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40603634.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41746-025-01741-9 and PMC identifier 12222792.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for the clinical categorisation of breast cancer cases. Deep generative models may offer a cost-effective alternative by virtually generating IHC images from hematoxylin and eosin samples. This review explores the state-of-the-art in virtual staining for breast cancer biomarkers (HER2, PgR, ER and Ki-67) and benchmarks several models on public datasets. It serves as a resource for researchers and clinicians interested in applying or developing virtual staining techniques.