Developmental Changes in Motor Competence: The Influence of Physical Activity and BMI Percentile.

Abstract

One critical public health challenge of early childhood remains obesity and low adherence to recommended physical activity (PA) levels, highlighting the importance of the development of motor competence (MC) in preschool-aged children over time. With that understanding, the objective of this study was twofold: a) examining the development of MC over time controlling for PA and weight status in early childhood, and b) examining the developmental relationship between PA/weight status on MC (and vice versa). Data from 146 children aged 3.5 to 5 yr from the Promoting Activity and Developmental Trajectories of Health study were analyzed. MC was evaluated using process and product scores, as well as a combination score, whereas weight status was measured through body mass index percentile, and PA was measured via GT3X-BT ActiGraph accelerometers. Longitudinal-growth curve and cross-lag panel models were employed to examine these dynamic relationships. Results showed that older children demonstrated higher MC, and baseline PA was positively associated with better MC outcomes. However, an attenuated change in process MC was observed when controlling for baseline PA. In addition, the cross-lag panel models indicated that MC, PA, and body mass index percentage remained relatively stable over time, with no significant cross-lag effects among these constructs. These findings provide valuable insights into the longitudinal associations among MC, PA, and weight status in early childhood, highlighting the importance of understanding individual variability in MC development over time. Further research is needed to explore these developmental trajectories and their implications for early childhood health.