Marker pen writing of perovskite solar modules.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 40628695.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-61459-w and PMC identifier 12238532.
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Abstract
Solution-processed perovskite photovoltaics promise low-cost, lightweight, and wearable power sources. Processing techniques play a crucial role in this field. Here, we introduce a large-area, patternable, and cyclable film writing technique that utilizes marker pen as a fabrication tool. By adjusting ink concentration, pressure, writing speed, tip width, solvent engineering, and using fiber-capillary structure of marker pens, we demonstrate control over perovskite ink colloids, film thickness (from 200 to > 1000 nm) and area (from 1 to 100+ cm<sup>2</sup>) patterning on rigid and flexible substrates, as well as ambient writing of crystalline perovskite film. Marker pen written rigid and flexible carbon-electrode perovskite solar modules in mask- and laser-free manners achieve 16.3% and 14.5% power conversion efficiencies, respectively. This method offers an opportunity for rapid on-site fabrication of lightweight and deformable power sources on various substrates, including inflated elastic balloons and folded cellophane paper, and produces customizable irregular solar modules.