Immobilizing Lead and Healing Surface Defects via Perfluorinated Tertiary Amine Molecules Enables High-Performance Sustainable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Zhang, Zuolin; Ding, Jike; Liu, Hao; Li, Chao; Li, Mengjia; Pauporté, Thierry; Tang, Jian-Xin; Chen, Jiangzhao et al. · Adv Mater · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The intrinsic instability and nonradiative recombination induced by surface defects hinder the further development of p-i-n inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Simultaneously, the commercial application of inverted PSCs is limited by environmental unfriendliness resulting from lead leakage. Herein, a universal perfluorination strategy is reported to immobilize lead and passivate surface defects of perovskite films in inverted PSCs. It is demonstrated that perfluorinated perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA) can form PFTEA·PbI<sub>2</sub> complex with PbI<sub>2</sub> via a strong coordination bond, which is favorable for suppressing lead leakage and promoting defect passivation. Due to much reduced surface nonradiative recombination, the PFTEA-modulated inverted PSCs deliver a fascinating certified stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.65%, a record efficiency value reported for PSCs using the vacuum flash evaporation technique. Moreover, the PFTEA-modulated devices maintain 92% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous maximum power point tracking. This work provides a simple and effective avenue to advance the sustainable development of inverted photovoltaic technology through a perfluorination strategy.