Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: Current Concepts.

Abstract

Idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a musculoskeletal deformity that affects children worldwide with an incidence of about 0.2% in the United States. It is typically diagnosed at birth or by prenatal testing, and if untreated or undertreated, it can lead to progressive deformity and increasing dysfunction. Ideal treatment involves largely nonsurgical means shortly after birth, with surgery reserved for late-presenting or recurrent cases. As such, all orthopaedic surgeons should be able to recognize the clinical manifestations and general treatment pathway for clubfoot. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the condition including pathophysiology and anatomic alterations, while also outlining the current treatment options including management of recurrent or neglected disease.