Skill and participation enhancement in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder through equine therapy using ASTride protocol.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Attention Skill Training (ASTride) protocol-an Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT) intervention-in improving participation, performance skills, and daily function among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A prospective cohort study with an Interrupted Time-Series design was conducted with 50 children (mean age = 9.51 years, Standard Deviation = 1.52) diagnosed with ADHD. Assessments were conducted at baseline (Time 1), pre-intervention (Time 2), post-intervention (Time 3), and three-month follow-up (Time 4). Measures included the Child Performance Skill Questionnaire, Child Participation Questionnaire (CPQ), and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Using a repeated measure ANOVA revealed statistically significant improvements from Time 1 to Time 4 in everyday participation as presented in the CPQ scales of frequency, independence, enjoyment, and parental satisfaction alongside notable gains in motor, process, and communication skills. COPM scores demonstrated sustained progress in performance and satisfaction with the intervention goals. The ASTride intervention effectively enhanced participation in everyday activities and performance skills among children with ADHD, with benefits sustained beyond the intervention period and beyond the stable setting. These findings highlight ASTride's potential as a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to addressing ADHD-related challenges.