Stromal-platelet membrane-inspired nanoparticles (SPIN) for targeted heart repair.

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Standard treatments, such as coronary stent placement or coronary artery bypass graft surgery, aim to restore blood flow to ischemic myocardial tissue. However, a significant complication of these procedures is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which occurs when blood flow is restored, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium overload that can further damage the heart. To limit the I/R injury following the coronary recanalization of an MI heart, we designed stromal-platelet membrane-inspired nanoparticles (SPINs) that consist of a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core, decorated by a dual membrane coating: a platelet membrane for precise adhesion to the damaged endothelium area and a stromal cell membrane to enhance receptor-ligand interactions and immune-evasiveness. This unique dual-membrane configuration synergistically reduces fibrosis and inflammation while promoting angiomyogenesis. This combination integrates the vascular injury targeting and immune-evasive properties of the nanoparticle, making this dual-membrane design a promising add-on intervention to augment post- percutaneous coronary intervention recovery, enhancing outcomes and offering potential improved cardiac repair.