Association Between Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Presenteeism Among Female Workers: A Cross-sectional Study in Japan.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and presenteeism in female workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 19,451 Japanese women aged 20-60 years who worked at least 30 hours per week. HMB was assessed using the SAMANTA questionnaire, and presenteeism was measured using WFun. Covariates were made for age, menstrual irregularity, education, marital status, income, occupation, and firm size. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson regression. HMB was identified in 47.1% of participants. The prevalence ratio for heavy menstrual bleeding was 1.38 (1.31-1.47) and 1.35 (1.28-1.44) for the age-adjusted and multivariable models, respectively. Higher SAMANTA scores were significantly associated with increased presenteeism (score 3: prevalence ratio 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18-1.34; score 7: prevalence ratio 1.55, 95% CI: 1.44-1.67). HMB significantly affects presenteeism in female workers. These findings highlight the need for workplace interventions to improve women's health and organizational productivity.