Terahertz In-Sensor Computing Utilizing Photothermoelectric Thin Films.

Shao, He; Zhang, Yuxuan; Lai, Zhengxun; Liao, Jiachi; Li, Bowen; Wang, Weijun; Xie, Pengshan; Chen, Baojie et al. · Adv Mater · 2025

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Terahertz (THz) detection is pivotal for biomedical diagnostics and security screening, enabled by its non-ionizing nature and characteristic "fingerprint" spectra. However, weak THz-matter interactions, energy-intensive processing, and complex hardware integration hinder its practical use. To this aim, a layered bismuth selenide (Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>)-based THz detection array is fabricated via low-temperature pulse irradiation synthesis (PIS), exhibiting a tunable thermally coupled bidirectional response. The intrinsic photothermoelectric (PTE) effect enables adaptive in-sensor THz signal processing, achieving 200 V W<sup>-1</sup> responsivity and <5 ms response time at 0.3 THz in a self-powered mode. Integrated in-sensor computing enhances accuracy through real-time noise suppression, edge detection, and feature extraction. The array also demonstrates high imaging performance, with a >90% recall rate for concealed object detection. This work provides a scalable, high-precision THz sensing platform with transformative potential for biomedical and security applications.